Class 9 Is Matter Around Us Pure Important Question

NCERT Textbook Solution Page no. 15

1. What is meant by a pure substance?

Answer :A pure substance is a material with a fixed chemical composition, containing only one type of atom or molecule.

2. List the points of differences between homogeneous and heterogeneous mixtures.

Homogeneous mixtures	Heterogeneous mixtures
Homogeneous mixtures have uniform composition.	Heterogeneous mixtures have non uniform composition.
It has no visible boundaries of separation between its constituents.	It has visible boundaries of separation between its constituents.

NCERT Textbook Solution Page no. 18

1. Differentiate between homogeneous and heterogeneous mixtures with examples

Homogeneous and heterogeneous mixtures differ in their composition and appearance. Homogeneous mixtures have a uniform composition throughout, appearing as a single phase with no visible boundaries between components. Examples include saltwater, alcohol-water solutions, and air. On the other hand, heterogeneous mixtures have a non-uniform composition, with visually distinct components or phases separated by boundaries. Examples of heterogeneous mixtures include sand in water, oil and vinegar, and trail mix. The ability to separate the components is also a key distinction, as homogeneous mixtures cannot be easily separated by physical means, while the components of heterogeneous mixtures can be separated through techniques like filtration or decantation.

2. How are sol, solution and suspension different from each other?

Sol	Solution	Suspension
They are heterogeneous in nature.	They are homogeneous in nature.	They are heterogeneous in nature.
They scatter a beam of light and hence show Tyndall effect.	They do not scatter a beam of light and hence do not show Tyndall effect	They scatter a beam of light and hence show Tyndall effect.
They are quite stable.	Examples of solution are: salt in water, sugar in water.	Examples of suspension are: sand in water, dusty air

3. To make a saturated solution, 36 g of sodium chloride is dissolved in 100 g of water at 293 K. Find its concentration at this temperature.

Given:

Mass of sodium chloride (NaCl) dissolved = 36 g
Mass of water = 100 g
Temperature = 293 K (20°C)

Step 1: Calculate total mass of solution.
Total mass = Mass of NaCl + Mass of water = 36 g + 100 g = 136 g

Step 2: Calculate concentration of saturated solution.
Concentration = (Mass of solute / Total mass of solution) × 100%
Concentration = (36 g / 136 g) × 100% = 26.47%

Therefore, the concentration of the saturated solution of NaCl in water at 293 K (20°C) is 26.47%.

NCERT Textbook Solution Page no. 24

1. How will you separate a mixture containing kerosene and petrol (difference in their boiling points is more than 25°C), which are miscible with each other?

To separate a mixture of kerosene and petrol (with a boiling point difference > 25°C), use fractional distillation:

Set up a fractional distillation apparatus.
Heat the mixture, causing it to vaporize.
The vapors pass through the fractionating column, where they are partially condensed.
Petrol (lower boiling point) condenses first, followed by kerosene (higher boiling point).
Collect the separated components.

2. Name the technique to separate
(i) butter from curd

► By Centrifugation

(ii) salt from sea-water

► By Evaporation

(iii) camphor from salt

► By Sublimation

Answer

The crystallisation method is used to purify solids.

Exercise

(a) Sodium chloride from its solution in water.
► Evaporation

(b) Ammonium chloride from a mixture containing sodium chloride and ammonium chloride.
► Sublimation

(c) Small pieces of metal in the engine oil of a car.
► Filtration or Centrifugation or decantation

(d) Different pigments from an extract of flower petals.
► Chromatography

(e) Butter from curd.
► Centrifugation

(f) Oil from water.
► Using separating funnel

(g) Tea leaves from tea.
► Filtration

(h) Iron pins from sand.
► Magnetic separation

(i) Wheat grains from husk.
► Winnowing

(j) Fine mud particles suspended in water.
► Centrifugation

2. Write the steps you would use for making tea. Use the words: solution, solvent, solute, dissolve, soluble, insoluble, filtrate and residue.

Here are the steps to make tea using the specified terms, in a shorter format:

Boil water (solvent).
Add tea leaves (solute) to a teapot or cup.
Pour the boiling water over the tea leaves, allowing the soluble compounds to dissolve.
Steep the tea, forming a solution.
Pour the filtrate (tea solution) into a cup, leaving the insoluble residue behind.

4. Explain the following giving examples:
(a) Saturated solution
(b) Pure substance
(c) Colloid
(d) Suspension

(a) : Saturated solution: Maximum amount of solute dissolved in solvent, no more can dissolve. Example: Saltwater.

(b) : Pure substance: Single type of atom/molecule, fixed composition, can't be separated. Example: Oxygen gas.

(c) : Colloid: Evenly dispersed particles larger than molecules, remain suspended. Example: Milk.

(d) : Suspension: Insoluble particles dispersed in liquid/gas, eventually settle out. Example: Sand in water.

5. Classify each of the following as a homogeneous or heterogeneous mixture.
Soda water, wood, air, soil, vinegar, filtered tea

Soda water - Homogeneous
Wood - Heterogeneous
Air - Homogeneous
Soil - Heterogeneous
Vinegar - Homogeneous
Filtered tea - Homogeneous

6. How would you confirm that a colourless liquid given to you is pure water?

To confirm that a colorless liquid is pure water, you can perform a few simple tests. First, you can check the boiling point - pure water boils at 100°C at standard pressure. Secondly, you can observe the freezing point, which should be 0°C for pure water. Additionally, you can test the electrical conductivity, as pure water is a poor conductor. Finally, you can evaporate a small sample and verify that no residue is left behind. By observing these characteristic properties, you can reliably confirm that the colorless liquid is indeed pure water.

7. Which of the following materials fall in the category of a "pure substance"?

(a) Ice
(b) Milk
(c) Iron
(d) Hydrochloric Acid
(e) Calcium oxide
(f) Mercury
(g) Brick
(h) Wood
(i) Air

The following materials fall in the category of a "pure substance":
(a) Ice
(c) Iron
(d) Hydrochloric acid
(e) Calcium oxide
(f) Mercury

8. Identify the solutions among the following mixtures:
(a) Soil
(b) Sea water
(c) Air
(d) Coal
(e) Soda water

The following mixtures are solutions:
(b) Sea water
(c) Air
(e) Soda water

9. Which of the following will show the "Tyndall effect"?
(a) Salt solution
(b) Milk
(c) Copper sulphate solution
(d) Starch solution

The correct answer is (b) Milk.

The Tyndall effect is the scattering of light by colloidal particles, and it can be observed in milk, which is a colloidal dispersion.

10. Classify the following into elements, compounds and mixtures:
(a) Sodium
(b) Soil
(c) Sugar solution
(d) Silver
(e) Calcium carbonate
(f) Tin
(g) Silicon
(h) Coal
(i) Air
(j) Soap
(k) Methane
(l) Carbon dioxide
(m) Blood

(a) Sodium - Element
(b) Soil - Mixture
(c) Sugar solution - Mixture
(d) Silver - Element
(e) Calcium carbonate - Compound
(f) Tin - Element
(g) Silicon - Element
(h) Coal - Mixture
(i) Air - Mixture
(j) Soap - Mixture
(k) Methane - Compound
(l) Carbon dioxide - Compound
(m) Blood - Mixture

11. Which of the following are chemical changes?
(a) Growth of a plant
(b) Rusting of iron
(c) Mixing of iron fillings and sand
(d) Cooking of food
(e) Digestion of food
(f) Freezing of water
(g) Burning of candle

The chemical changes are:

(b) Rusting of iron
(d) Cooking of food
(e) Digestion of food
(g) Burning of candle

Extra And Imp. Questions of Matter Around us Pure

Multiple Choice Question (MCQ)

Which of the following is NOT a state of matter?
(a) Solid
(b) Liquid
(c) Gas
(d) Plasma
Answer: (d) Plasma
Which of the following is a pure substance?
(a) Air
(b) Soil
(c) Water
(d) Milk
Answer: (c) Water
Which of the following is a homogeneous mixture?
(a) Seawater
(b) Muddy water
(c) Milk
(d) Salad
Answer: (a) Seawater
Which of the following is a heterogeneous mixture?
(a) Sugar solution
(b) Brass
(c) Granite
(d) Alcohol
Answer: (c) Granite
Which of the following is a chemical change?
(a) Melting of ice
(b) Boiling of water
(c) Burning of a candle
(d) Dissolving sugar in water
Answer: (c) Burning of a candle
Which of the following is NOT a physical change?
(a) Evaporation of water
(b) Cutting of wood
(c) Rusting of iron
(d) Sublimation of dry ice
Answer: (c) Rusting of iron
Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of a colloid?
(a) Particles are visible under a microscope
(b) Particles do not settle down
(c) Particles can be separated by filtration
(d) Particles scatter light (Tyndall effect)
Answer: (c) Particles can be separated by filtration
Which of the following is an example of a chemical compound?
(a) Oxygen
(b) Nitrogen
(c) Salt
(d) Sugar
Answer: (c) Salt
Which of the following is NOT a physical property of matter?
(a) Boiling point
(b) Melting point
(c) pH
(d) Color
Answer: (c) pH
Which of the following is an example of a heterogeneous mixture?
(a) Saline solution
(b) Brass
(c) Alcohol
(d) Sand and water
Answer: (d) Sand and water

Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of a solution?
(a) Homogeneous mixture
(b) Particles are visible to the naked eye
(c) Particles do not settle down
(d) Particles can be separated by filtration
Answer: (b) Particles are visible to the naked eye
Which of the following is an example of a pure substance?
(a) Air
(b) Soil
(c) Gold
(d) Milk
Answer: (c) Gold
Which of the following is an example of a physical change?
(a) Photosynthesis
(b) Rusting of iron
(c) Digestion of food
(d) Melting of ice
Answer: (d) Melting of ice
Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of a gas?
(a) Definite shape
(b) Definite volume
(c) Compressible
(d) Diffuse easily
Answer: (a) Definite shape
Which of the following is an example of a chemical compound?
(a) Oxygen
(b) Nitrogen
(c) Water
(d) Sugar
Answer: (c) Water
Which of the following is an example of a heterogeneous mixture?
(a) Saltwater
(b) Alcohol
(c) Sugar solution
(d) Muddy water
Answer: (d) Muddy water
Which of the following is an example of a colloid?
(a) Sand and water
(b) Salt and water
(c) Milk
(d) Copper wire
Answer: (c) Milk
Which of the following is NOT a physical property of matter?
(a) Boiling point
(b) Density
(c) pH
(d) Melting point
Answer: (c) pH
Which of the following is an example of a chemical change?
(a) Evaporation of water
(b) Crushing of a stone
(c) Dissolving sugar in water
(d) Burning of a candle
Answer: (d) Burning of a candle
Which of the following is a characteristic of a suspension?
(a) Particles are visible to the naked eye
(b) Particles do not settle down
(c) Particles can be separated by filtration
(d) All of the above
Answer: (d) All of the above

JEE ADVANCE LEVEL MCQS OF MATTER AROUND US PURE

Which of the following statements is true for pure substances?
- A) They can be separated into simpler components by physical methods.
- B) They have a uniform composition and distinct properties.
- C) They always exist in solid form.
- D) They consist of two or more elements in varying proportions.
Answer: B) They have a uniform composition and distinct properties.

Which of the following is an example of a homogeneous mixture?
- A) Sand and salt mix
- B) Oil and water emulsion
- C) Air
- D) Ice and water
Answer: C) Air

Which of the following methods is best suited for separating a soluble solid from a liquid?
- A) Filtration
- B) Distillation
- C) Evaporation
- D) Chromatography
Answer: C) Evaporation

What is the main difference between an element and a compound?
- A) Elements cannot be broken down; compounds can be.
- B) Compounds are found in nature, elements are not.
- C) Elements are always gaseous, compounds are always solid.
- D) Compounds can form new properties that the individual elements do not possess.
Answer: A) Elements cannot be broken down; compounds can be.

Which of the following is not a characteristic of a mixture?
- A) Components retain their individual properties.
- B) Mixtures have variable composition.
- C) Mixtures cannot be separated by physical means.
- D) Mixtures may be homogeneous or heterogeneous.
Answer: C) Mixtures cannot be separated by physical means.

A sample of matter has a definite composition and distinct properties throughout. This sample is best classified as a:
- A) Homogeneous mixture
- B) Heterogeneous mixture
- C) Pure substance
- D) Colloid
Answer: C) Pure substance

Which of the following mixtures is classified as heterogeneous?
- A) Vinegar
- B) Milk
- C) Salad
- D) Steel
Answer: C) Salad

Which separation technique is most suitable for separating a pigment from a dye?
- A) Filtration
- B) Distillation
- C) Chromatography
- D) Decantation
Answer: C) Chromatography

What type of mixture is formed when salt is dissolved in water?
- A) Heterogeneous mixture
- B) Homogeneous mixture
- C) Colloid
- D) Suspension
Answer: B) Homogeneous mixture

Which one of the following is an intensive property?
- A) Mass
- B) Volume
- C) Density
- D) Amount of substance
Answer: C) Density

Which of the following processes can be used to separate a solid that has dissolved in a liquid?
- A) Filtration
- B) Distillation
- C) Crystallization
- D) Chromatography
Answer: C) Crystallization

Which of the following statements is true regarding colloidal mixtures?
- A) Colloids cannot scatter light.
- B) Colloidal particles can be separated by filtration.
- C) Colloids are uniform throughout.
- D) Colloidal mixtures often display the Tyndall effect.
Answer: D) Colloidal mixtures often display the Tyndall effect.

What type of mixture is blood considered to be?
- A) Homogeneous mixture
- B) Heterogeneous mixture
- C) Colloid
- D) Solution
Answer: B) Heterogeneous mixture

Which of the following elements is diatomic in nature?
- A) Helium
- B) Neon
- C) Oxygen
- D) Argon
Answer: C) Oxygen

Distillation is most effective for separating:
- A) A soluble solid from a liquid
- B) A liquid from another liquid with a significantly different boiling point
- C) A solid from an insoluble liquid
- D) Two solids with similar properties
Answer: B) A liquid from another liquid with a significantly different boiling point

A pure substance can be classified as:
- A) A single type of atom
- B) A single type of molecule
- C) An element or a compound
- D) All of the above
Answer: D) All of the above

Which of the following is a characteristic of a heterogeneous mixture?
- A) Uniform appearance
- B) Varies in composition in different samples
- C) Cannot be separated physically
- D) Displays properties of only one component
Answer: B) Varies in composition in different samples

Which separation method would be appropriate for separating colored pigments from a dye using a stationary phase?
- A) Distillation
- B) Centrifugation
- C) Filtration
- D) Paper chromatography
Answer: D) Paper chromatography

Which of the following is a method to separate a mixture of two solids having different solubilities in a particular solvent?
- A) Filtration
- B) Sublimation
- C) Crystallization
- D) Evaporation
Answer: C) Crystallization

The physical state of a substance at a given temperature and pressure depends primarily on:
- A) The atomic mass of the components
- B) The intermolecular forces between the particles
- C) The volume of the particles
- D) The height of the mixture
Answer: B) The intermolecular forces between the particles

Which of the following is considered a compound?
- A) Sodium chloride (NaCl)
- B) Air
- C) Sea water
- D) Coal
Answer: A) Sodium chloride (NaCl)

When a mixture is separated by a centrifuge, what is primarily being exploited?
- A) Chemical reactivity
- B) Differences in boiling points
- C) Differences in density
- D) Solubility differences
Answer: C) Differences in density

Which of the following techniques is best for separating liquid mixtures with close boiling points?
- A) Simple distillation
- B) Fractional distillation
- C) Filtration
- D) Sedimentation
Answer: B) Fractional distillation

Which of the following pairs can be separated using the technique of filtration?
- A) Salt solution
- B) Sugar solution
- C) Muddy water
- D) Alcohol and water
Answer: C) Muddy water

Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of pure substances?
- A) Has a defined composition
- B) Exhibits consistent physical properties
- C) Can be separated into its components by physical means
- D) Includes elements and compounds
Answer: C) Can be separated into its components by physical means

Which method would you use to separate a dissolved salt from water?
- A) Filtration
- B) Evaporation
- C) Chromatography
- D) Decantation
Answer: B) Evaporation

Which of the following statements about solutions is false?
- A) Solutions are homogeneous mixtures.
- B) The solute can be a solid, liquid, or gas.
- C) Solutions can be separated by filtration.
- D) Solutions have a uniform composition.
Answer: C) Solutions can be separated by filtration.

The law of definite proportions states that:
- A) The ratio of masses of the elements in a compound is always the same.
- B) Mixtures can have varying compositions.
- C) Gases can be treated as ideal under all conditions.
- D) Elements always combine in one way to form a compound.
Answer: A) The ratio of masses of the elements in a compound is always the same.

What is the main disadvantage of using a physical method of separation?
- A) It is always time-consuming.
- B) It cannot be used for the separation of all mixtures.
- C) It may result in contamination.
- D) It is more expensive than chemical methods.
Answer: B) It cannot be used for the separation of all mixtures.

The process of separating a solid from a liquid by pouring off the liquid is known as:
- A) Centrifugation
- B) Filtration
- C) Decantation
- D) Precipitation
Answer: C) Decantation

Which technique would be most effective for separating a mixture of sand and salt?
- A) Distillation
- B) Filtration followed by evaporation
- C) Chromatography
- D) Centrifugation
Answer: B) Filtration followed by evaporation

An example of a homogeneous mixture is:
- A) Salad
- B) Oil and water
- C) Steel
- D) Soil
Answer: C) Steel

The method of separating oil and water is primarily based on which principle?
- A) Difference in boiling points
- B) Difference in densities
- C) Difference in solubility
- D) Difference in particle size
Answer: B) Difference in densities

Which of the following can be classified as a colloid?
- A) Salt solution
- B) Sugar syrup
- C) Milk
- D) Air
Answer: C) Milk

What type of mixture is formed when a solid is dissolved in a liquid?
- A) Suspension
- B) Emulsion
- C) Solution
- D) Colloid
Answer: C) Solution

The process of sublimation refers to:
- A) The transition of a substance from solid to liquid.
- B) The transition of a substance from solid to gas without passing through a liquid state.
- C) The transition of a substance from gas to liquid.
- D) The separation of gas mixtures using differences in solubility.
Answer: B) The transition of a substance from solid to gas without passing through a liquid state.

Which of the following methods can be used to separate an insoluble solid from a liquid?
- A) Distillation
- B) Filtration
- C) Crystallization
- D) Evaporation
Answer: B) Filtration

If a mixture of sand and salt is dissolved in water, what is the next step to separate the two components?
- A) Centrifugation
- B) Evaporation
- C) Filtration
- D) Crystallization
Answer: C) Filtration

Which of the following mixtures is a suspension?
- A) Vinegar
- B) Fruit juice with pulp
- C) Saltwater
- D) Air
Answer: B) Fruit juice with pulp

The ‘Tyndall effect’ is observed in which type of mixture?
- A) Solution
- B) Colloid
- C) Suspension
- D) Both B and C
Answer: D) Both B and C

IS MATTER AROUND US PURE SHORT QUESTIONS

1.Define a pure substance.

A pure substance consists of a single type of particle and has a fixed or constant structure.

2.What is a mixture?

A mixture is a combination of two or more substances where each substance retains its individual chemical properties.

3.Differentiate between homogeneous and heterogeneous mixtures.

Homogeneous mixtures have a uniform composition throughout, while heterogeneous mixtures have a non-uniform composition.

4.Give two examples of elements.

Examples of elements include oxygen (O) and gold (Au).

5.Give two examples of compounds.

Examples of compounds include water (H₂O) and carbon dioxide (CO₂).

6.What is a solution?

A solution is a homogeneous mixture of two or more substances where one substance (the solute) is dissolved in another (the solvent).

7.What is the Tyndall effect?

The Tyndall effect is the scattering of light by particles in a colloid or in a very fine suspension.

8.How can you separate a mixture of iron filings and sulfur?

A mixture of iron filings and sulfur can be separated using a magnet, as iron is magnetic and sulfur is not.

9.What is a suspension?

A suspension is a heterogeneous mixture in which solid particles do not dissolve but remain suspended throughout the bulk of the medium.

10.Explain how distillation can be used to separate a mixture.

Distillation is a process that separates the components of a mixture based on their different boiling points by heating the mixture to vaporize the more volatile component and then condensing the vapor back into liquid form.

Is MATTER AROUND US PURE LONG QUESTIONS

1.Explain the classification of matter into pure substances and mixtures with suitable examples.

Answer: Matter can be classified into pure substances and mixtures. Pure substances are materials with a uniform and definite composition. They can be elements, which are made of only one type of atom (e.g., gold, oxygen), or compounds, which consist of molecules that are combinations of different types of atoms in a fixed ratio (e.g., water, carbon dioxide). Mixtures are combinations of two or more pure substances where each retains its individual properties. Mixtures can be homogeneous, where the composition is uniform throughout (e.g., saltwater), or heterogeneous, where the composition is not uniform (e.g., a mixture of sand and iron filings).

2.Discuss the different methods of separating the components of a mixture.

Answer:Several physical methods can be used to separate the components of a mixture based on their physical properties:Filtration: Used to separate an insoluble solid from a liquid (e.g., sand from water).
Evaporation: Used to separate a soluble solid from a liquid by evaporating the liquid (e.g., salt from saltwater).
Distillation: Separates components based on different boiling points (e.g., separating alcohol from water).
Centrifugation: Separates components based on their densities by spinning at high speed (e.g., cream from milk).
Magnetic separation: Uses a magnet to separate magnetic materials from non-magnetic ones (e.g., iron filings from sulfur).
Chromatography: Separates components based on their different rates of movement through a medium (e.g., pigments in ink).

3.Explain the concept of solutions, suspensions, and colloids with examples.

Answer: Solutions, suspensions, and colloids are different types of mixtures:Solutions: Homogeneous mixtures where the solute is completely dissolved in the solvent, resulting in a single-phase system (e.g., saltwater, sugar in water). The particles are very small and cannot be seen with the naked eye.
Suspensions: Heterogeneous mixtures where the solid particles are suspended in a liquid or gas. These particles are larger and may settle over time (e.g., sand in water, muddy water). Suspensions can be separated by filtration.
Colloids: Mixtures where very small particles of one substance are dispersed throughout another substance. The particles do not settle and cannot be seen with the naked eye, but they scatter light (Tyndall effect) (e.g., milk, gelatin).

4.Describe the Tyndall effect and its significance in distinguishing between true solutions and colloids.

Answer: The Tyndall effect is the scattering of light by particles in a colloid or in a fine suspension. When a beam of light passes through a colloid, the light is scattered by the colloidal particles, making the path of the light visible. This effect is significant because it helps in distinguishing between a true solution and a colloid. In a true solution, the particles are too small to scatter light, so no Tyndall effect is observed. However, in a colloid, the dispersed particles are large enough to scatter light, making the Tyndall effect observable. For example, the light beam is visible when it passes through milk (a colloid), but not through saltwater (a true solution).

5.Discuss the process of crystallization and its applications in the purification of substances.

Answer: Crystallization is a process used to purify solid substances. It involves dissolving the impure solid in a suitable solvent to form a solution, then slowly cooling or evaporating the solvent to form pure solid crystals. Impurities usually remain in the solution and can be separated by filtration. Crystallization is commonly used in the purification of substances such as salts, sugar, and pharmaceuticals. The method relies on the principle that pure substances form crystals with a definite geometric shape, while impurities do not fit into the crystal lattice and are left behind. Applications include the purification of table salt from seawater, obtaining pure alum from impure samples, and producing pure aspirin in the pharmaceutical industry.

6.Explain how chromatography is used to separate the components of a mixture.

Answer: Chromatography is a method used to separate and analyze the components of a mixture based on their different rates of movement through a medium. The basic principle of chromatography involves two phases: a stationary phase and a mobile phase. The mixture to be separated is applied to the stationary phase, which can be a solid or a viscous liquid. The mobile phase, which can be a liquid or a gas, moves through the stationary phase, carrying the components of the mixture with it. Different components travel at different rates depending on their affinity for the stationary phase and their solubility in the mobile phase. This causes the components to separate as they move along the stationary phase. For example, in paper chromatography, a drop of the mixture is placed on a strip of paper (stationary phase) and a solvent (mobile phase) is allowed to move up the paper by capillary action. The different components of the mixture separate as distinct spots at different heights on the paper. Chromatography is widely used in chemical analysis, environmental testing, and drug development.

7.Discuss the importance of purity in substances with reference to pharmaceuticals, food, and industrial applications.

Answer :Purity of substances is crucial in various fields for different reasons:

Pharmaceuticals: In the pharmaceutical industry, the purity of drugs and medicines is vital for their safety and effectiveness. Impurities in drugs can cause adverse side effects and reduce the therapeutic effectiveness of the medication. Strict regulations and standards ensure that pharmaceutical products meet high purity levels.

- Food: In the food industry, purity is important to ensure the safety and quality of food products. Contaminants and impurities in food can cause health issues and affect the taste, texture, and shelf life of food products. Food safety standards and regulations ensure that food products are free from harmful impurities.
- Industrial Applications: In industries such as electronics, manufacturing, and chemical production, the purity of raw materials and chemicals affects the quality and performance of the final products. Impurities can cause defects in electronic components, reduce the efficiency of chemical reactions, and compromise the structural integrity of materials. Ensuring the purity of substances is essential for maintaining the reliability and quality of industrial products.

8.Describe the process of fractional distillation and its applications.

Fractional distillation is a technique used to separate mixtures of liquids with different boiling points. It involves heating the mixture to vaporize the components, which are then condensed and collected separately. The process is carried out in a fractionating column, which provides a large surface area for multiple vaporization-condensation cycles. As the mixture is heated, the component with the lowest boiling point vaporizes first and rises through the column. As it moves up the column, it condenses on the surfaces and is repeatedly vaporized by the rising heat. This process increases the purity of the separated components. The component with the higher boiling point remains in the liquid phase until its boiling point is reached. Fractional distillation is used in:
- Petroleum Refining: To separate crude oil into fractions such as gasoline, diesel, kerosene, and lubricating oils.
- Alcohol Production: To purify and concentrate alcohol from fermented mixtures in the production of spirits and ethanol.
- Chemical Industry: To separate and purify chemicals in the production of solvents, plastics, and other chemical products.

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Class 9 Is Matter Around Us Pure Important Question